后路枕骨髁螺钉技术研究进展

正枕骨、寰椎和枢椎共同构成了枕颈部活动的结构功能单位,即枕颈交界区~([1-2])。炎症、创伤、肿瘤及畸形等因素会导致枕颈交界区失稳,从而引起颈脊髓或神经根的损伤、麻痹及难以忍受的疼痛,甚至危及生命~([3-4])。后路内固定融合技术是治疗枕颈部失稳的重要手段,目前常用术式为枕骨螺钉技术,该技术较钢丝固定技术有更好的生物力学稳定     

上颈椎内固定技术的研究近况

正上颈椎包括寰椎和枢椎,构成寰枢关节,作为颅颈部的过渡区,头端承载颅脑,尾端连接下颈椎,具有重要的生理活动功能,尤其是旋转运动,占整个颈椎旋转功能的50%左右。寰枢关节因创伤、肿瘤、先天性畸形和炎症等因素引起疾病,常伴随上颈髓、神经根及椎动脉受压所引起的症状和体征。治疗上往往以减压及重建其稳定性为主要目的,由于上颈椎解剖结构的复杂性和生理活动功能的重要性,一直是脊柱外科手术治疗的高难度、高风险领     

分期手术治疗复杂闭合 Pilon骨折

目的:探讨分期手术治疗复杂闭合Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法:自2019年6月至2021年6月,采用分期手术治疗29例复杂闭合Pilon骨折的患者,其中男18例,女11例;年龄31~68 (43.50±6.62)岁;骨折按照Ruedi-Allgower分型,Ⅱ型7例,Ⅲ型22例。29例患者均为新鲜闭合骨折,且不合并距骨骨折、跟骨骨折等损伤。记录患者从受伤至闭合复位外固定时间、2次分期手术间隔时间、骨折愈合时间及并发症情况,并采用美国足踝外科协会(American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)踝与后足功能评分评价临床疗效,采用Burwell-Charnley系统进行放射学复位评价。结果:29例患者均获得随访,时间13~30(15.43±5.31)个月。术后所有骨折获得骨性愈合,愈合时间2~6(3.77±1.22)个月,未发现内固定断裂、螺钉松动、感染、内固定激惹、踝关节僵硬等并发症。受伤至闭合复位跨踝关节固定时间1.22~7.34 h,2次分期手术间隔5~9(5.98±2.11) d。术后12个月患侧踝关节AOFAS评分(90.10±10.11)分,与术前的(34.11±6.89)分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。按照AOFAS踝关节评分,优16例,良9例,可4例。术后12个月采用Burwell-Charnley骨折复位放射学评价标准,15例解剖复位,12例良好复位,2例复位差。结论:采用分期手术治疗复杂闭合 Pilon骨折,具有并发症少、骨折复位满意、骨折固定牢固等优点,能够获得良好的踝关节功能恢复。     

胫骨内侧平台大块劈裂骨折手术方式和疗效分析

目的 :探讨经内侧入路保护内侧结构,两个不同方向内固定治疗以内侧大块劈裂为主的胫骨平台骨折的可行性和有效性。方法:自2010年1月至2016年1月采用膝内侧切口保护内侧软组织结构,不同方向固定胫骨内侧骨折块治疗涉及大块劈裂的胫骨内侧平台骨折患者21例,男17例,女4例;年龄27~63(39.2±3.2)岁。术前影像学检查(X线或CT)确诊,取膝关节内侧切口入路,保护膝内侧结构同时行内侧和内后侧钢板支撑内固定术;合并外侧平台骨折予外侧或外后侧切口复位固定。术后即刻根据Rasmussen放射学评分标准评价骨折复位情况,术后1年随访时根据美国特种外科医院(Hospital for Special Surgery,HSS)膝关节评分系统评定疗效。术后通过X线及临床检查判断骨折愈合时间,记录并发症及相应转归。结果:术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,未见明显并发症。21例患者术后均获随访,时间10~24(17.2±1.7)个月。骨折均愈合,愈合时间为9~16(11.1±3.2)周。术后骨折复位Rasmussen放射学评分1~18(16.7±1.5)分;优16例,良3例,可2例。末次随访时HSS膝关节评分60~100(87.3±6.7)分;优18例,良2例,可1例。结论:对于大块劈裂的胫骨内侧平台骨折,内侧切口、充分保护膝内侧结构、两个不同方向支撑钢板固定方法可行,近期疗效满意。     

Clinical parameters and radiographic resorption of a novel magnesium based bone void filler

BackgroundBone voids can present challenging problems for the Orthopaedic surgeon, and are often treated with backfilling followed by structural stabilization. Recently, a magnesium based, and presumably resorbable, bone void filler (BVF) has been developed, but has limited longitudinal clinical data. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate clinically relevant parameters and radiographic resorption characteristics of this novel magnesium based BVF (MgBVF) with long-term clinical data.MethodsAll patients who underwent surgery by a single surgeon in which MgBVF was utilized from 2019 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical parameters including evidence of infection, wound breakdown, and wound drainage were reviewed. Radiographic resorption, evidence of joint extrusion of BVF, heterotopic ossification, and subsidence was assessed at each post-operative visit. Those with less than 6 month follow up were excluded from radiographic analysis of resorption. Postoperative images at two weeks were compared to each subsequent radiograph during follow up, and reviewed by each of the three authors in blinded fashion. Interval radiographs were assigned a grade of radiographic resorption which corresponded to estimated percent resorption: grade 1 (0–25%), grade 2 (25–50%), grade 3 (50–75%), or grade 4 (75–100%). After 2 weeks, this process was repeated, and both inter and intraobserver reliability scores were calculated.ResultsForty-two patients were identified for clinical review, and 18 for radiographic review. Average length of follow up was 209±113 days. Five patients experienced a postoperative complication: two wound infections, one delayed wound healing, one sterile serous drainage, and one catastrophic failure of the fixation construct. Four patients were noted to have postoperative joint subsidence of 2 mm or less. Average grade of resorption was found to be 1.5 ± 0.8, 1.7 ± 0.9, 2.9 ± 0.9, and 3.6 ± 0.6 at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year, respectively (p<0.001). Average kappa (intrarater reliability) was found to be 0.61, 0.41, 0.55, and 0.63 for each time interval, respectively. Interrater reliability increased form 0.19 at 6 weeks to 0.42 at 1 year.ConclusionThis novel MgBVF demonstrates clinically relevant resorption, provides structural support in challenging bone voids, and does not appear to significantly increase risk of complications, setting it apart from previously described BVF's.     

腋后路内固定治疗IdebergⅠa及Ⅱ型肩胛盂骨折的疗效分析

目的:探讨腋后路治疗IdebergⅠa及Ⅱ型肩胛盂骨折的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2018年12月至2021年9月采用腋后路治疗的9例肩胛盂下部分骨折患者的资料,男3例,女6例;年龄50～78岁。所有患者骨折为闭合性骨折,依据肩胛盂骨折Ideberg分型:Ⅰa型6例,Ⅱ型3例。分别于术后第6、12周及6、12个月摄肩关节正、侧位X线片,记录所有患者末次随访时的Constant-Murley肩关节评分,上肢功能障碍(disability of the arm,shoulder and hand,DASH)评分,骨折愈合情况以及其他并发症情况。结果:术后9例患者获得随访,时间6～15个月。末次随访时9例均获得骨性愈合,愈合时间3～6个月,末次随访时患者的Constant-Murley评分为55～96分;DASH评分为3.33～33.33分。结论:腋后路内固定治疗IdebergⅠa、Ⅱ型肩胛盂骨折有效解决了前方入路显露肩胛盂下部分骨折困难的问题,可避免肩胛下肌以及关节囊医源性损伤,临床效果满意,值得临床推广使用。     

A retrospective study of spine injuries in electric bicycles related collisions

BackgroundElectric bicycles related collisions could lead to severe consequences in spine injuries, while no study had comprehensively investigated the epidemiology and demography of spine injuries in electric bicycles related collisions.Questions/purposesThe aim of this study is to (1) describe the epidemiological characteristics of spine injuries in electric bicycles related collisions, (2) develop clinical guideline of spine injuries in electric bicycles related collisions and (3) support the new road safety policy for electric bicycle riders.MethodsA retrospective review of spine injuries in electric bicycle related collisions was performed from 86 patients in an urban trauma center between 2018 and 2020. The variables including gender, age, radiographic findings, associated injuries, neurologic injuries, treatment, average length of stay were fully collected. Chi-square test and paired sample mean t-test were used to test for statistically significant differences. All statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions 20.0.0 software. A P<0.001 was considered as significant.ResultsA total of 86 cases were involved in electric bicycles related collisions lead to spine injuries. The spine injuries victims were predominantly male (79.07%) and middle-aged (41-60years, 44.19%). The most common spine injuries were L1 fractures (10.48%). The most common fracture type was AO Fracture Classification type A (71.40%). Age and multivertebral fractures had significant difference between patients who suffered from an ASOI and from those who did not (P-value: 0.005, 0.005). There was significant difference between patients who suffered from neurologic injuries and from those who did not in AO Classification, multivertebral fractures and ASOI (P-value: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.032). Age, AO Classification, multivertebral fractures, ASOI and neurologic injuries had significant difference to influence patients’ ISS and ALOS.ConclusionsSpine injuries in electric bicycles related collisions may make patients suffer from severe consequences including their potential permanent disability, economic cost, or even life safety. Patients with spine injuries in electric bicycles related collisions should be paid close attention to avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Helmet, protective clothing or other safety gear should be required to use to provide greater protection for electric bicycle riders.     

Gluteal compartment syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionGluteal compartment syndrome is a rare but devastating condition with limited characterization in the literature. The purpose of our systematic review, case series, and meta-analysis is to synthesize the current literature and provide recommendations on how to prevent gluteal compartment syndrome, identify at-risk patients, and avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment.MethodsInternational Classification of Disease codes were used to identify patients at our institution. PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify case reports between 1972 and March 1st, 2018. Cases were analyzed based on demographics, etiology, presentation, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.Results139 cases – 13 from our institution and 126 previously published – were included. The most common etiologies were postoperative (41%), prolonged immobilization secondary to substance abuse or loss of consciousness (35%) and trauma (19%). 89% were male, mean age was 45 years (range, 16-74), and mean body mass index was 41 kg/m². Rhabdomyolysis and sciatic neuropathy were identified in 94% and 74% of patients, respectively. Fasciotomy was performed in 80% of patients. Overall, 93% of patients survived. However, 41% of patients suffered prolonged neurologic dysfunction. In patients with an initial neurologic deficit, there was a higher rate of permanent neurological deficit in patients treated medically than those treated surgically (12/14 vs 29/61, p=0.0153), but no statistical difference in mortality (0/14 vs 4/61, p=1). In patients without initial neurologic deficit, there were no statistical differences in rates of permanent neurological deficit (0/7 vs 2/20, p=1) or mortality (0/7 vs 3/20, p=0.545) between those receiving medical or surgical treatment.DiscussionGluteal compartment syndrome is an orthopaedic emergency that may be more prevalent and associated with higher morbidity and mortality than previously recognized. Risk factors may include prolonged surgical duration, immobilization secondary to substance abuse, and pelvic trauma. Intraoperative precautions and postoperative surveillance are recommended in obese patients undergoing prolonged procedures. Fasciotomies improve neurologic outcomes in patients presenting with an initial neurologic deficit. In patients who are neurologically intact on presentation, medical management with neurologic function surveillance may be the optimal initial treatment. Fasciotomies do not impact mortality. Additionally, a treatment algorithm is provided.     

经口咽入路内固定治疗孤立性寰椎骨折临床疗效分析

目的评价应用经口咽入路内固定治疗孤立性寰椎骨折的临床疗效及安全性。方法 2008年7月～2010年12月,应用经口咽入路钢板内固定治疗10例孤立性寰椎骨折患者,其中3例双侧寰椎前弓骨折（前1/2 Jefferson骨折,Landells typeⅠ）、5例单侧寰椎前后弓双骨折（半环Jefferson骨折,Landells typeⅡ）、2例寰椎前弓骨折合并寰椎后弓发育不良。结果所有病例术后随访10～24个月,平均15个月。患者的临床症状均得到不同程度的改善。平均手术时间为100 min（80～120 m in）;平均出血量为200 mL（100～300 mL）;平均透视时间60 s;10例患者术均未发生神经、椎动脉和其他手术相关并发症。随访复查X线片和CT,未发现患者上颈椎失稳或复位丢失,螺钉位置良好,无松动、断钉。结论经口咽入路采用C1侧块螺钉固定钢板重建寰椎前环是治疗不稳定性寰椎骨折的一种新的技术方法。它既保持了C1/C2关节的旋转运动功能,同时又恢复了寰枕关节和寰枢关节的协调运动。     

寰枢椎不稳的后路内固定治疗

目的　介绍寰枢椎不稳的后路内固定治疗的新方法。方法　 18例寰枢椎不稳患者经后路治疗 ,其中Apofix9例 ,Apofix +C1,2 经关节螺钉 9例。结果　共放置经关节螺钉 17枚 ,1例因放置过程中引起大出血 ,仅进行了单侧放置。术后并发感染 2例 ,经清创后愈合 ,无内固定失败和椎动脉及脊髓损伤等并发症。随访 5～ 16月 ,植骨全部融合。结论　Apofix和C1,2 经关节螺钉技术是治疗寰枢椎不稳的有效方法 ,可提供有效的固定和提高植骨融合率。